The second rise of general relativity in astrophysics. Abolition of a postulate and solutions for the relativistic compact objects without maximum mass and an energy content larger than that implied by their gravity
Authors:
L. Neslusan
Image & caption:
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Image caption::
A scheme illustrating the extent of currently acceptable and used (red vertical abscissa) and further possible (blue area) solutions of Einstein field equations to construct the models of stable, spherically symmetric, relativistic compact objects. The whole class of solutions with the attractive orientation of gravity and positive energy density and pressure was found by Ni in 2011. A sub-class, bordering the super-class at left, was found by Oppenheimer and Volkoff in 1939.
Description:
It was shown that the general relativity provides a much larger number of solutions to describe the compact objects, as e.g. neutron stars, than are accepted in the current astrophysics. The reason for the limitation is the postulate requiring the distribution of matter inside the object, which is qualitatively the same as in the Newtonian physics, i.e. from a surface down to the center of the object. In reality, there is however no reason for an establishing of such a postulate. If the postulate is abolished, we demonstrated that we can model the stable, physically well-acceptable, compact objects with an arbitrarily high mass. The outer surface of these objects is always situated above the appropriate event horizon. The series of numerical models indicate that an object could shrink to or below its event horizon only in the limit of its infinite mass. Further, the gravitational acceleration is no longer linearly proportional to the mass of the object. It can be about several orders of magnitude lower than that derived in the case of the linear dependence. The found concept can be fundamental in the astrophysics of compact objects, also the super-massive objects in the centers of galaxies and quasars.
Reference:
Modern Physics Letter A, Vol. 34, id. 1950255-356, 24 pp. (2019)
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