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%                       I N T R O D U C T I O N                              
% This is the example of how to prepare your LaTeX source text for an
% article which is to appear in Contrib. Astron. Obs. Skalnate Pleso
% (henceforth CAOSP).  All relevant information is given in comment lines
% (i.e. the lines beginning with a "%" symbol). These instructions do not
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% simply overwriting this template, create his own article properly
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% LaTeX manual.
%
% This demo-file must be used with CAOSP document class version 3.10
% (2024-11-29) or above. Otherwise some features/commands will not be
% recognized.  
%                                                                            
% To be able to compile your document for CAOSP you must use LaTeX2e and
% CAOSP Document Class (file caosp.cls).
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% The CAOSP DocumentClass allows you to use two options: "referee" (used
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\documentclass{caosp310}
%\documentclass{caosp}
%\documentclass[supplement]{caosp}

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%          A D D I T I O N A L   P A C K A G E S / S T Y L E S         
% If you want to include graphics, e.g. figures as Encapsulated PostScript
% (EPS) files, you must use an additional LaTeX package called "graphicx". 
% This package is a standard part of most TeX/LaTeX distributions. The EPS
% format of figures and graphicx package are required by CAOSP editors to
% include graphics.
%
% You can use more additional packages. However, the usage of "exotic" and
% avoidable packages is not recommended.
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\usepackage{graphicx}

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%                                 B i b T e X
% Authors are required to use BibTeX.
%  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX
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% Following two packages are needed to use BibTeX.
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\usepackage{natbib}
\bibliographystyle{caosp310}

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\articleNo{361}
\pubyear{2024}
\volume{54}
\volnumber{3}
\firstpage{1}
\received{May 1, 2024}
\accepted{July 28, 2024}

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%                A R B I T R A R Y   D E F I N I T I O N S
% Authors can use their own definitions. However, there is a risk of a
% conflict with the definitions used in CAOSP-style.
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\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
             T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}

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\begin{document}

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%              R U N N I N G   P A G E   H E A D I N G S                     
% Odd page headings (except for the title page) are produced automatically
% and contain the title. If, and only if, the title of your article is too
% long the running head is omitted in the printout; you can make your own
% running title by using the \htitle command, putting the shortened title
% between the curly brackets. \htitle should also be used when the
% subtitle is present: \htitle offers you a way how to include it into the
% headings. If you wish to see how it works simply remove the % sign from
% the beginning of that line.
%
% Unlike the \htitle command, the \hauthor command is compulsory. It is
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% of an article.  All authors must be listed here, if possible. When
% authors' list is too long, you can abbreviate it by using "{\it et
% al.}". Authors' names are given in the form: initial(s) of the author's
% first name and surname. Authors are separated by a "," (comma) sign and
% the last one by "and".
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%\htitle{A note to comet ejection process ...}
\hauthor{L.\,Neslu\v{s}an, J.\,Nobody and F.N.\,Gmask}
%\hauthor{L.\,Neslu\v{s}an {\it et al.}}

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%                       T I T L E                                            
% Capital letters in the title are only used at the beginning of the
% names. Don`t end the title by a "." (dot)
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\title{A note to comet ejection process from the Uranus-Neptune region}

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%                       S U B T I T L E                                      
% You can use the subtitle, with the command \subtitle similar to the
% \title command.
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%                   A U T H O R  N A M E S                                   
% Authors' names are separated by the \and command and their institutes
% are assigned by the \inst{n} command. 
% If all authors belong to just one institute, it is not needed/desired
% to use the \inst command.
%
% Author can indicate her/his ORCID (https://orcid.org/) identifier using
% the command \orcid. It will not appear in the LaTeX output but will be
% sent to the ADS database.
%
% When the name contains "Slovak" letters L,d,t,l with a caron, use an
% a new \softl, etc. command (examples given in the last table of
% this document) to produce typographically correct accented characters.
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\author{
        T.\,Pribulla\inst{1,3,4}\orcid{0000-0003-3599-516X}
      \and
        {\softL}.\,Hamb\'{a}lek\inst{1} 
      \and 
        J.\,Nobody\inst{1}   
      \and 
        F.N.\,Gmask\inst{2}
       }

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%           I N S T I T U T E S'  A D D R E S S E S                          
% The affiliation of authors is generated by the \institute command, the
% \and command being again used to separate individual addresses.
% The following commands may be used for the following three institutes:   
%               \lomnica        for      AsU SAV, Tatranska Lomnica          
%               \blava          for      AsU SAV, Bratislava                 
%               \ondrejov       for      AsU CAV, Ondrejov                   
%
% The given postal address must be complete in order to facilitate our
% editorial work. Moreover, you can add your e-mail address, using the
% \email command.
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\institute{
           \lomnica, \email{pribulla@ta3.sk}
         \and 
           Royal Greenwich Observatory\\
           U.K. 
         \and 
           \blava 
         \and
           \ondrejov
          }

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%                        D A T E / R E C E I V E D                          
% Date inserted here will be the date when your paper was received The
% format is: month (not abbreviated), day, year.
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\date{March 8, 2003}
%\date{March 10, 2003}

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%                        M A K E T I T L E
% The beginning part (title, author(s), etc.) of your article must be
% closed by the \maketitle command.
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\maketitle

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%                        A B S T R A C T,  K E Y W O R D S                   
% Here it is shown how to write an abstract.  Keywords should be placed
% within the "abstract" environment using the command \keywords and they
% should be selected from the thesaurus from Astron.  Astrophys.
% Abstracts. They must be separated from each other by -- (two dashes).
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\begin{abstract}
A simple energetic balance of the process of comet ejection from the
Uranus-Neptune region is given. If we suppose the stable orbits of Uranus
and Neptune, then the initial location of cometary orbits cannot be
arbitrary, but should rather be limited.
\keywords{comets -- cosmogony -- celestial mechanics}
\end{abstract}

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%                       S E C T I O N I N G                                  
% Any section starts with the command \section as shown below, with the
% title in Initial Capitals and lowercase only. Do not number the sections
% - let LaTeX do that for you - and do not end them by a "." (dot).
%
% The (sub)section titles are typeset in boldface; so, if working in the
% mathematics mode in (sub)section titles, you must use \boldmath and 
% enclose it into curly brackets, e.g. "{\bolmath $R^{2}$}".
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\section{Introduction}
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%                       L A B E L                                            
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% subsections,..., tables, figures as well as to equations (see commands
% \ref and \pageref). In the case of figure and/or table environments the
% \label command should always be put after the \caption command to
% preserve proper numbering. When using the \label command the file must
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\label{intr}
The theory of the primordial origin of comets suggests that the latter are a
byproduct of the planet formation and were created mainly in the
Uranus-Neptune region. Neptune (and Uranus in a lesser degree)
ejected comets either out of the Solar System or into the Oort
region (e.g. Fernand\`{e}z, 1985; Weissman, 1990).
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From the total number of comets there is a considerable fraction of such
whose orbits were gradually changed to short-period ones, with shorter
semi-major axes when compared with original ones. The comets of this group
thus disappeared shortly after this process and are, therefore, currently
excluded from dynamic studies. However, from our point of view this cometary
group is very important since such comets may compensate the orbital energy
loss of a planet due to an ejection process. In this paper we aim to analyze
such an energy transfer between a given planet and the above-described
comets.

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%       G E N E R A L   T Y P E S E T T I N G   R E M A R K S                
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% - physical and mathematical variables are typeset in Italics
% - physical units and mathematical functions are typeset in Roman
% - instead using "km/s" use "km\,s$^{-1}$"
% - use small spaces: not "150 AU", but "150\,AU". Moreover, this small 
%   space cannot be line-breaked.
%
% Note the following examples:
%  inside normal text: {\it v} = 5\,km\,s$^{-1}$ 
%  inside mathematics mode/environment: $ v = 5\,{\rm km\,s}^{-1}$ 
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%                         C I T A T I O N S 
% To cite an article, book, proceedings, please use generally adopted
% rules, e.g. "Weisman (1990)" or "(Weisman, 1990)". Note the use of
% commas ",". If there are more citations inside the parenthesis, separate
% them by a ";" (semicolon): "(Weisman, 1990; Nobody, 2001)". When there
% are more references for the same author(s) in the same year use small
% alphabetic letters to distinguish them, e.g. "Weisman (1990\,a)". Up to
% 2 authors (inclusive) you must name each: "(Weisman, Nobody 1993)". If
% there are 3 or more authors the shortened form is used: "(Weisman {\it
% et al.}, 1993)".
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The estimates of the total cloud mass range from  ${\sim}$14 to  ${\sim}$1000
$M_{\oplus}$(Earth's mass). A best guess for the total mass is 45 -- 50
$M_{\oplus}$. Over the history of the Solar System, the Oort cloud has lost
between 40\% and 80\% of its population, so the original mass must have been
larger by a factor of two to five (Weissman, 1990).

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%                       S U B S E C T I O N S                                
% begin with the \subsection command; the remaining rules are identical
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\subsection{Energetic balance of comet ejection process}

Given a comet with a semi-major axis of its orbit $a_{\rm o}$ and a total
orbital energy in the solar gravitational potential expressed by the
equation
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%                        E Q U A T I O N S                                   
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% further (technical) details, please, consult any LaTeX manual(s).
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% parentheses, brackets, etc. when the corresponding pair is not placed on
% the same line: use the \vphantom command.
%
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% line. In case of a two-member array use the second line for its
% numbering.
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\begin{equation}
 \label{r1}
E_{\rm 1}=-GmM_{\odot}/(2a_{\rm o}),
\end{equation}
where $G$ is the gravitational constant, $m$ is the mass of comet,
$M_{\odot}$ - the mass of the Sun. Let the comet is removed from the
Uranus-Neptune region into the Oort cloud region after an encounter with one
of the outer planet (a three-body problem). Then its orbital energy
increases by amount of $\Delta E$ and the planet losses $\Delta E$ of its
orbital energy in the solar gravitational potential due to the energy
conservation law. Consequently, the planet's semi-major axis diminishes from
$a_{\rm Po}$ to $a_{\rm P}$, and this decline may be described by
\begin{equation}
 \label{r2}
da_{\rm P}/a_{\rm P}=-[2a_{\rm Po}/(GM_{\rm P}M_{\odot})]dE
\end{equation}
where $M_{\rm P}$ stands for the mass of planet.

Denoting the total mass of an original formation of comets as $\sum_{\rm i}
m_{\rm i} = M_{\rm K}$, a fraction of the mass ejected by the planet as
$p_{\uparrow}$, and the initial (final) mean reciprocal semi-major axis of the
orbits of comets undergoing ejection as$<1/a>_{\rm o}$ ($<1/a>_{\uparrow}$),
then the total energy acquired from the planet is equal to
\begin{equation}
 \label{r3}
E_{\uparrow}=-Gp_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}M_{\odot}(<1/a>_{\rm o}-<1/a>_{\uparrow}
)/2.
\end{equation}
Subsequently we can determine the change of planet's semi-major axis
due to ejections of comets by integrating equation~(\ref{r2}) within the
ranges from $a_{\rm Po}$ to $a_{\rm P}$ and from $0$ to $E_{\uparrow}$,
respectively. Then we find
\begin{equation}
 \label{r4}
a_{\rm P}=a_{\rm Po}.exp[2a_{\rm Po}E_{\uparrow}/(GM_{\rm P}M_{\odot})]
\end{equation}
with the relative decline of semi-major axis being equal to
\begin{equation}
 \label{r5}
(a_{\rm P}-a_{\rm Po})/a_{\rm Po}=exp[-p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}/(kM_{\rm P})]-1,
\end{equation}
where $k$ is the $1/a_{\rm No}$ to $<1/a>_{\rm o}$ ratio.
In equation (5) we have neglected the term proportional to $<1/a>_{\uparrow}$
since semi-major axes of cometary orbits in the Oort cloud are much larger in
comparison with those of the original formation of comets.

The value $<1/a>_{\rm o}$ was either roughly equal to $1/a_{\rm No}$
for the comets on circular initial orbits, or could be lower if
more eccentric orbits existed. However the value $<1/a>_{\rm o}$ could
not be lower by roughly a factor of five because a major part of the orbital
arches would have been located out of the Uranus-Neptune region. That would
be a disagreement with the theory of primordial comet origin.

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%                       T A B L E S                                          
% Below, a couple of examples of a convenient tabular environment for
% simple tables are shown.
%
% Tables in the text should be referred as "Tab.", e.g. "... Tab.\,\ref{t1}
% shows ...". To refer to the table number and page use the commands:
% \label, \ref, \pageref.
%
% Because tables are "floating bodies" their position in the text may not
% always be proper - the style file tries to put it, whenever possible, on
% top of the page. If you wish to put a table at a particular place in the
% text you can use the options [b], [h], [t]. It is acknowledged that
% positioning of tables is by no means straightforward.
%
% Tables should be centered - note the \begin{center} and \end{center}
% commands. While in the table environment you can use the \small command
% to change a font size; however, try to avoid using even smaller fonts,
% so that the characters remain readable.
%
% Inside the tabular environment try to avoid commands like \noindent,
% \hspace.
%
% A table caption must be placed above the actual table (more details
% about the caption are given bellow).
%
% As to a table layout, use the following rules:
% - Do not use vertical lines at table edges. If needed they can be used
%   between columns.
% - A table must always start and end with two horizontal lines
%   (\hline\hline). This rule applies even to tables split into several
%   pages: two \hline are used just twice (the beginning and the end), not
%   at the bottom of the table when it continues on the following page.
% - Do not separate every table row by a horizontal line, use the latter
%   only when necessary.
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\begin{table}[t]
\small
\begin{center}
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%                       C A P T I O N                                        
% The caption of a table is created by the \caption command. Do not number
% it, nor write Tab. or Table - let again LaTeX do it for you.  The
% \caption command should always be used before the table body and should
% not exceed two lines in length. The caption should end with a "." (dot).
% (More detailed explanation of a figure or a table can be given in the
% text.)
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\caption{A fraction $p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}$ of the mass of comets of the
original comet formation ejected by a given planet.}
\label{t1}
\begin{tabular}{llll}
\hline\hline
planet  &{\it u}&    {\it h}      & $p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}$\\
\hline
Jupiter & 0.08  & 0.03 $\pm$ 0.01 & 2.75$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
Saturn  & 0.16  & 0.16 $\pm$ 0.04 & 1.16$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
Uranus  & 0.24  & 1.3  $\pm$ 0.5  & 0.43$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
Neptune & 0.52  & 2.6  $\pm$ 0.7  & 0.72$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
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%                       L O N G   T A B L E S
% - When the table is too long and must be split onto several pages,
%   use the commands \clearpage, \addtocounter{table}{-1}. Subsequent
%   captions after the first one are required to be "Continued.".
% - The better way is to use the package "longtable" of the standard
%   distributions to enter your large tables
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%\usepackage{longtable} %must be used in the preamble
%\begin{center}
%\small
%\begin{longtable}[t]{lllr}
%\caption{Starting caption of a long table.}\\
%\hline\hline
%planet  &{\it u}&    {\it h}      & $p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}$\\
%\hline
%\endfirsthead
%\caption{Continued.}\\
%\hline
%planet  &{\it u}&    {\it h}      & $p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}$\\
%\hline
%\endhead
%\hline
%\endfoot
%\hline\hline
%\endlastfoot
%\small
%Jupiter & 0.08  & 0.03 $\pm$ 0.01 & 2.75$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
%Saturn  & 0.16  & 0.16 $\pm$ 0.04 & 1.16$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
%Uranus  & 0.24  & 1.3  $\pm$ 0.5  & 0.43$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
%Neptune & 0.52  & 2.6  $\pm$ 0.7  & 0.72$nM_{\rm KP}$ \\
%\end{longtable}
%\end{center}
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%                       O N - L I N E   D A T A 
% The author(s) may wish to offer published data (e.g. data from tables)
% on-line. If this is the case you should contact a CAOSP editor for more
% details.
% Keep in mind the following rules for such data:
%  - this on-line data must be the same/identical with as data published in 
%     printed version
%  - they should be suitable for further computer usage (technically
%     speaking: plain ASCII files; values in several columns separated by
%     white spaces; no diacritics; use of unix-style end of lines (LF) is
%     required, do not use a DOS/Windows-style (CR LF))
%  - each set of data can consist of several files (different tables,
%     different forms of a table, etc.)
%  - the set of on-line data-files must include READ_ME.txt file where you 
%     must explicitly explain/describe the files. It must list and explain 
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%  - all the data-files will be stored in one directory at the CAOSP WEB-site
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%     unique filenames for your data-files within that directory.
%  - data volume should be kept minimal, not exceeding several kilobytes.
%
% Data meeting these rules should be sent to the editor as one TAR+GZ or ZIP
% archive along with your manuscript and you must express your wish to
% publish them on-line.
%
% The CAOSP editorial board may refuse to publish on-line data if they find
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%
% Because the URL address of your on-line data depends on the final
% page-numbering of the manuscript, it will be known just short before
% publishing the printed version. This is the reason why you must use
% \URLDAT command in the LaTeX source of your manuscript to refer this URL.
% \URLDAT command will generate the correct URL. The example is given
% bellow.
%
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Data given in Tab.\,\ref{t1} can be found in a suitable computer form 
on-line at {\URLDAT}.

In the process of computations it is necessary to know a mass $p_{\uparrow}
M_{\rm K}$ of the comets ejected by a planet. Let a fraction of the comets in
the Oort cloud ejected by this planet is $u$, assuming the planet to eject
still other comments out of the Solar System. Let $h$ denote the ratio of the
mass of comets ejected to the Oort cloud to the mass of comets ejected out of
the Solar System. Supposing that the mass of the Oort cloud was initially $n$
(the latter lying within the range from 2 to 5 - see {\em Introduction}) 
times greater than its current estimate $M_{\rm KP}$, then
\begin{equation}\label{r6}
p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}=unM_{\rm KP}(1+1/h);
\end{equation}
the values $u$, $h$, $p_{\uparrow}M_{\rm K}$ are listed in Table~\ref{t1}
for all four Jovian planets.
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%                         F I G U R E S                                      
% Any figure must be stored in a PDF (Portable Document Format) 
% or an EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) format.
%
% Authors are required to produce their figures/graphics in a vector mode (a
% bitmap version can be used only if absolutely necessary, e.g. for
% photos, and the executive editor must be consulted in advance). 
%
% Maximum dimensions of a single picture are:                               
%          horizontal length: 11.5 cm                                        
%          vertical   length: 17.0 cm                                        
%
% The size of the axes' description should not be less than 0.3 cm (alpha-
% numeric signs). Tics on axes must lie on the inner side of axes. The
% resulting line width should be 0.1 - 0.3 mm. 
%
% Using this way of preparing figures you are kindly asked to submit the
% figures in EPS files to the editors, along with the LaTeX source file of
% your article.
%
% Figures in the text should be referred as "Fig.", e.g. "...
% Fig.\,\ref{f1} shows ...". To refer to the figure numbers, use the
% commands: \label, \ref, \pageref.
%
% As to a figure environment that produces figure space and caption in the
% text, the same applies here as in case of tabular environment (floats,
% caption length, centering, noindent), the only DIFFERENCE being that the
% \caption command must now be placed after the figure body.
%
% Figures can be inserted into the text by the command \includegraphics
% (see graphicx package documentation for available options). To be able
% to use the command \includegraphics you must load the "graphicx" package
% (see the top of this demo-file).
%
% A simple figure environment example (commented-out) follows.
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%\begin{figure}
%\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.5cm,clip=]{fig1.eps}}
%\caption{This is a picture from graphic file formatted
%         in EPS format loaded by the command ~$\backslash$includegraphics}
%\label{f1}
%\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth,clip=]{fig_sinus.eps}}
\caption{A simple function.}
\label{fsinus}
\end{figure}


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% A more complicated example (commented-out) of a figure consisting of 3
% separate graphics files is given here.
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%\begin{figure}[thp]
%\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.cm,clip=]{fig1.eps} 
%            \hspace{0.5cm}
%            \includegraphics[width=5.cm,clip=]{fig2.eps}
%           }
%\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,clip=]{fig3.eps}}
%\caption{This is a more complicated example of a figure.}
%\label{f2}
%\end{figure}

 We will illustrate the inevitability of existence of a short-period comet
group in the case of Neptune's comet ejections. If Neptune had
elongated cometary orbits only, it would have lost orbital energy and
its semi-major axis would have decreased. It represents no difficulty to
estimate minimum, mean, and maximum energy losses by making use of the margin
or mean values of parameters $n$, $k$, and $M_{\rm KP}$. A relative decline
of the semi-major axis for this estimates is given in Table~\ref{t1}.

It is worth noting that even taking the minimum estimate into account
we find that the Neptune's semi-major axis would be reduced by about 21\%.

When the energy loss approaches the value given by the mean estimate then
a considerably large fraction of the original cometary orbits has to be
changed by Neptune to short-period ones. This finally leads to
disappearance of this comet group by free fall onto Sun or any other
planet during the history of Solar System.


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%             B i b T e X   I N   C I T A T I O N S
% CAOSP BibTeX style (caosp.bst) is a modified style of A&A and APJ.
% That is why the rules regarding BibTeX can be found at:
%    http://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/aadoc.pdf (chapter 3.6)
%    http://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/bibtex/natnotes.pdf
% If you want to add in-text citation clickers that link to the
% corresponding ADS abstract pages, you can use the "TIPS" given at
%    http://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/readme.html
% Next lines show the examples of basic BibTeX usage in citations:
% The \cite command functions as follows:
%   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
%   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
%   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
%   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
%   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)  
%   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
%   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
%   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
%   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
%   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
%
% For an advanced BibTeX usage (muliple citations, etc.) an author is
% advised to consult the reference sheet of the natbib package at:   
%  http://ftp.edpsciences.org/pub/aa/bibtex/natnotes.pdf
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

This paragraph illustrates the use of {\BibTeX}.  You may want to refer to
\cite{2014tsa..book.....H} or 
\cite*{2005ApJ...623..411B} or
\citet{1687pnpm.book.....N}.  Or you may want to cite a
specific page in a reference, like this: see
\citep[p.~199]{2015AN....336..682P}.  
To make a parenthetical reference to one or more articles and
omit the parentheses around the year \citep{2014IAUS..293..165K}.

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%                       A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S                      
% Next lines show you how to write acknowledgements.
% You must leave a blank line before the \acknowledgements command!
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\acknowledgements
% Do not leave a blank line here! <---------------------->
The authors are extremely thankful to Dr.\,A. Bright for stimulating
discussions constructive comments. This work has been supported by a GAV
Grant 10003/93 of Slovak Academy of Sciences.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%             B i b T e X   B I B L I O G R A P H Y
% Authors are required to use BibTEX. The use of BibTeX is now compulsory.
%
% To use BibTeX, you must:
% 1; Create a database (.bib) file that describes the articles or books you 
%    want to reference. The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) provides
%    automatic tools for retrieving a .bib file including entries for a
%    selection of articles.  An example of a typical .bib file is also 
%    provided in the CAOSP LaTeX macro package.
%    If there is no entry in ADS for some of your references, you are
%    obliged to add these entries into your .bib file "by hand" respecting
%    the formal structure of the record. Standard journal abbreviations
%    defined by ADS are required.
% 2. Specify the style and location of the bibliography in your 
%    LaTeX document. The CAOSP package includes a style file caosp.bst that
%    will format your reference list in the proper CAOSP format.  Before
%    running BibTeX you must ensure that the requested files (i.e.  bib, bst
%    and cls files) are in the same directory as your LaTeX files.
% 3. Run LaTeX, then BibTeX, and LaTeX again twice. Remember you must run 
%    LaTeX twice to update the citations.
% 4. When you use BibTeX entries generated by ADS, remember to resolve 
%    the macro definitions used by ADS. These macros may define a journal
%    title, e.g. \apj ... The Astrophysical Journal 
%     see:  https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/aas_macros.html
%    Some of those macros, not necessarily all, are already defined within 
%    CAOSP document class.
% 5. Once your manuscript is accepted for publication and you are addressed 
%    by CAOSP executive editor to send him all relevant files (the LaTeX
%    source file and the EPS figures), please, send the BibTeX file (.bib) 
%    as well, NOT JUST the resulting (.bbl) file generated by the BibTeX.
%
%
% Some more details about BibTeX from NASA ADS:
%   http://ads.harvard.edu/pubs/bibtex/
%
% Following command together with the style loading commands in the preamble
% will include your .bib file with bibliography entries and after processing
% will produce the "References" list.  Please, follow the rules given bellow
% to compile BibTeX correctly.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\bibliography{demo_caosp310}

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%                   C R O S S R E F E R E N C I N G
% To ensure that each reference is spelled properly, and to facilitate ADS
% crossreferencing as well, every author is also obliged to supply an
% ADS-identification entry of each reference. This ADS-identification entry
% has the form of a LaTeX comment just in front of a given reference on a
% separate line, which has to start with a key-word "ADS_ID". In order to
% find a specific ADS-identification, please use the following on-line form
%    http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect
% An ADS-identification entry is a unique string whose length is exactly 19
% characters, e.g. 1955ApJ...121..349B
% The example:
%   %ADS_ID 1955ApJ...121..349B
%
% When you use CAOSP BibTeX and your .bib file was produced by means of the
% NASA ADS system mentioned above, these "%ADS_ID"s will be produced
% automatically. Thus no your intervention is required.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                                 D O I 
% If cited document was assigned a DOI (Digital Object Identifier, 
% https://www.doi.org/) the authors are OBLIGED to use it in references.
% BibTeX will do the proper formating; how to do it in  the case when
% BibTeX is not used - see the example bellow (References: Obsoleted way).
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                           A P P E N D I X                                  
%                       S P E C I A L   S I G N S                            
% Next table is to illustrate some special signs available in the CAOSP
% style.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\clearpage
\appendix{Special Signs}
You may wish to use special signs. A large number of the latter are listed
in the {\em {\LaTeX} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport,
pp.\,44\,ff. We have created further symbols for math mode, and some special
Slovak characters (used e.g. in names), which cannot be simply produced by
{\LaTeX}.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Special signs}
\label{tspsig}
\begin{center}
\footnotesize
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.25}
\begin{tabular}{lll@{\hspace{0.5cm}}lll}
\hline\hline
Input & Explanation & Output & Input & Explanation & Output\\
\hline
\verb|\la|     & less or approx       & $\la$     &
  \verb|\ga|     & greater or approx    & $\ga$\\
\verb|\getsto| & gets over to         & $\getsto$ &
  \verb|\cor|    & corresponds to       & $\cor$\\
\verb|\lid|    & less or equal        & $\lid$    &
  \verb|\gid|    & greater or equal     & $\gid$\\
\verb|\sol|    & similar over less    & $\sol$    &
  \verb|\sog|    & similar over greater & $\sog$\\
\verb|\lse|    & less over simeq      & $\lse$    &
  \verb|\gse|    & greater over simeq   & $\gse$\\
\verb|\grole|  & greater over less    & $\grole$  &
  \verb|\leogr|  & less over greater    & $\leogr$\\
\verb|\loa|    & less over approx     & $\loa$    &
  \verb|\goa|    & greater over approx  & $\goa$\\
\hline
\verb|\sun|      & sun symbol            & $\sun$     &
  \verb|\degr|     & degree                & $\degr$\\
\verb|\diameter| & diameter              & \diameter  &
  \verb|\sq|       & square                & \squareforqed\\
\verb|\fd|       & fraction of day       & \fd        &
  \verb|\fh|       & fraction of hour      & \fh\\
\verb|\fm|       & fraction of minute    & \fm        &
  \verb|\fs|       & fraction of second    & \fs\\
\verb|\fdg|      & fraction of degree    & \fdg       &
  \verb|\fp|       & fraction of period    & \fp\\
\verb|\farcs|    & fraction of arcsecond & \farcs     &
  \verb|\farcm|    & fraction of arcmin    & \farcm\\
\verb|\arcsec|   & arcsecond             & \arcsec    &
  \verb|\arcmin|   & arcminute             & \arcmin\\
\verb|\angstrom| & angstr\"{o}m          & \angstrom    &
                   &                       &       \\
\hline
\verb|\softL|    & Slovak L with caron   & \softL     &
  \verb|\softl|    & Slovak l with caron   & \softl\\
\verb|\softd|    & Slovak d with caron   & \softd     &
  \verb|\softt|    & Slovak t with caron   & \softt\\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}
\end{center}
\end{table}


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\end{document}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                       C O M P I L I N G                                    
% You must compile your LaTeX source text "mysource.tex" in THE following
% way:
%  pdflatex mysource 
%  bibtex mysource
%  pdflatex mysource
%  pdflatex mysource
% Compiling twice is required to set all the parameters needed
% (lastpage, labels...) properly. It will also generate the mysource.bbl
% with your bibliography.
%
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%                                                                            
%                  A B B R E V I A T I O N S
% Within your manuscript you can use the journal abbreviations listed
% below in an alphabetical order.
%  command     abbreviation                                          %journal name                               
%  ~~~~~~~     ~~~~~~~~~~~~                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~                               
%                                                                                         
%   \abasb     Abastumani Bull.                                      % Abastumani Bulletin
%   \aca       Acta Astron.                                          % Acta Astronomica
%   \aas       Acta Astron. Sinica                                   % Acta Astronomica Sinica
%   \asr       Adv. Space Res.                                       % Advances in Space Research
%   \ar        Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.                          % Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
%   \aaa       Astronomy and Astrophysics                            % Astronomy and Astrophysics
%   \aaas      Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series         % Astronomy and  Astrophysics, Supplement Series
%   \aj        Astronomical Journal                                  % Astronomical Journal
%   \apjss     Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser.                            % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
%   \apjl      Astrophysical Journal, Letters                        % Astrophysical Journal, Letters 
%   \an        Astronomische Nachrichten                             % Astronomische Nachrichten
%   \azh       Astronomicheskii Zhurnal                              % Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
%   \apj       Astrophysical Journal                                 % Astrophysical Journal
%   \apss      Astrophysics and Space Science                        % Astrophysics and Space Science
%   \baas      Bulletin of the AAS                                   % Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
%   \bac       Bulletin Astronomical Institutes of Czechoslovakia    % Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of Czechoslovakia
%   \bain      Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands    % Bulletin of the Astronical Instutes of Netherlands
%   \basi      Bull. Astron. Soc. India                              % Bulletin of the Astronical Society of India
%   \caa       Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics                    % Chinese Astronomy & Astrophysics
%   \caos      Contrib. Astron. Obs. Skalnat\'{e} Pleso              % Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso
%   \cpuo      Contrib. Princeton Univ. Obs.                         % Contributions Princeton University Observatory
%   \emp       Earth, Moon, Planets                                  % Earth, Moon, Planets
%   \harva     Harvard Ann.                                          % Harvard Annales
%   \harvc     Harvard Circ.                                         % Harvard Circular
%   \iauc      IAU Circular                                          % IAU Circular
%   \iaut      IAU Trans.                                            %
%   \ibvs      Inf. Bull. Variable Stars                             % Information Bulletin on Variable Stars
%   \ica       Icarus                                                % Icarus
%   \krym      Izv. Krymskoj Astrofiz. Obs.                          % Izvestya Krymskoj Astrofizicheskoj Observatorii
%   \jrcan     Journal of the RAS of Canada                          % Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
%   \lickb     Lick Bull.                                            % Lick Bulletin
%   \mras      Memoirs of the RAS                                    % Memoirs Royal Astron. Society
%   \msai      Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital.                               % Memoirs della Societa Astronomica Italiana
%   \mpci      Minor Planet Circ.                                    % Minor Planet Circulars
%   \mvs       Mitt. Verand. Sterne                                  % Mitteilungen Verand. Sterne
%   \mnras     Monthly Notices of the RAS                            % Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
%   \nat       Nature                                                % Nature
%   \obs       Observatory                                           % The Observatory
%   \odesai    Odessa Izv.                                           % Odessa Izvestija
%   \perzve    Perem. Zvezdy                                         % Peremennye Zvezdy
%   \pss       Planet. Space Sci.                                    % Planetary and Space Science
%   \pasp      Publications of the ASP                               % Publ. of the Astron. Society of the Pacific
%   \paics     Publ. Astron. Inst. Czechosl. Acad. Sci.              % Publications of the Astronomical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
%   \pdao      Publ. DAO                                             % Publications of DAO
%   \rmaa      Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis.                           % Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica.
%   \sci       Science                                               % Science
%   \sph       Solar Physics                                         % Solar Physics
%   \sdan      Sol. dannye                                           % Solnechnye dannye
%   \sonnv     Sonnenberg Veroff.                                    % Sonnenberg Veroff.
%   \sal       Sov. Astron. Lett.                                    % Soviet Astronomy Letters
%   \ssr       Space Science Reviews                                 % Space Science Reviews
%   \va        Vistas Astron.                                        % Vistas in Astronomy
%                                                                            
% If you have not found the title of the journal among these commands you
% must type it yourself. In this case you are kindly asked to use the
% journal abbreviations as given in the ASTRONOMY and ASTROPHYSICS
% ABSTRACTS, Chapter " Periodicals, Proceedings, Books, Activities ".
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%                       H A P P Y E N D                                      
% Your LaTeX source text must be ended by the line:                          
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\end{document}
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% Everything after this command is ignored.                                  
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%                       C O M P I L I N G                                    
% You must compile your LaTeX source text twice to set all the parameters
% needed (lastpage, labels...) properly.
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                          LET THE THINGS WORK O.K. !
                                                       Richard KOMZIK

                                                                                                             
